Background and Aim:  Effective brucellosis treatment necessitates antibiotics that can penetrate macrophages. This study systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Brucella spp. isolated from humans, addressing this critical gap in understanding Brucella infections and their treatment. Materials and Methods:  Two authors conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with no time restrictions, encompassing English studies. Data extraction employed a standardized sheet, with two independent authors, and disagreements were resolved by a third. The data sheet included study characteristics and susceptibility/resistance information for various antibiotics. Statistical analysis involved random effects models, Mantel-Haenszel methods, I2 tests, z-tests, and funnel plots using R and RStudio. Results:  Based on the pooled susceptibility ratios, among the 630 samples of Brucella spp., 98% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to trimethoprim. Among the 1255 samples of Brucella spp., 82% (95% CI: 54%-95%) were susceptible to rifampicin. Among the 1344 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 78%-100%) were susceptible to doxycycline. Among the 942 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 85%-100%) were susceptible to tetracycline. Among the 893 samples of Brucella spp., 100% (95% CI: 82%-100%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Among the 906 samples of Brucella spp., 97% (95% CI: 96%-98%) were susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion:  Based on our results, trimethoprim, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were effective, but rifampicin had lower susceptibility. This informs antibiotic selection for Brucella infections, underscoring its importance in managing the disease

Shigella is one of the etiologic agents of infectious colitis.The worldwide prevalence of shigellosis has been 14×107 cases per year.The important problem about it's causative agent is resistance to antibiotics.Martality rate due to shigellosis is almost high in young children, specially in developing countries. In addition, to WHO wright about anually determination of drug resistancy has been a strong motive in performing this study.The results showed that among 4042 cases suffering from acute diarrhea, 366 cases were culture positive for shigella, Antimicrobial susceptibility test for 348 cases was performed and serotyping test for 366 cases showed that: 1 - The prevalent serotypes were I - Flexneri (56.55%) II - Dysenteria (42.36%).2 - 96.5% of cases were resistant to Ampicillin and 100% of cases, were sensitive to Cefixim. Otherwise the resistance to Co-Trimoxazole 63.7%, to Nalidixic acid 7.4% and to ciprofloxacin, 5.7%.It is concluded that the empirical use of Co-Trimoxazole and Ampicillin for severe cases not recommended, but Quinolones are the suitable drugs in Mashhad.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the growing challenges of modern medicine, which causes thousands of deaths worldwide annually [1, 2]. To treat microbial infections, health specialists must prescribe effective antibiotics to patients on time. Microbiology laboratories should perform Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on bacteria isolated from patients to select appropriate drugs [3]. Rapid detection of bacteria and their pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics play an essential role in the treatment of microbial infections [3]. Conventional antibiotic susceptibility testing method including disk diffusion is culture-based and take a long time (usually about 24 hours) to determine suitable drugs prescription [4]. In acute infectious diseases, physicians usually immediately begin experimental treatment including possible antibiotic therapy with high-sure therapeutic probability potential based on the patient's clinical symptoms. Improper administration or overuse of antibiotics could lead to the release of bacterial toxins such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the spread of bacteria, increased antibiotic resistance, and even death [3]. Therefore, one of the main challenges in detecting microbial resistance is obtaining a reliable antibiotic susceptibility pattern in several minutes or hours via simple and inexpensive tools [4].